-Holy Bible*

In the early 19th century, the study and interpretation of both the Old and New Testaments underwent significant developments. Scholars like Friedrich Schleiermacher and Ferdinand Christian Baur pioneered critical approaches to biblical texts, examining their historical context and literary styles. This period saw the emergence of biblical criticism, which questioned traditional views of authorship, dating, and textual integrity. Meanwhile, movements such as the Second Great Awakening in America sparked renewed interest in biblical teachings, emphasizing personal salvation and social reform. The tension between critical scholarship and religious revivalism characterized the complex landscape of biblical studies in the 1800s, shaping modern understandings of the Bible's significance and interpretation.