The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck is a powerful novel set during the Great Depression. It follows the Joad family, tenant farmers who are forced off their land in Oklahoma due to economic hardship and environmental disaster—the Dust Bowl. Hoping for a better life, they journey to California after hearing of job opportunities.
As they travel west on Route 66, the Joads encounter hardships—poverty, illness, death, and exploitation. When they arrive in California, they find that work is scarce and wages are low due to an oversupply of labor. The family struggles to survive, facing injustice, hostility, and the breakdown of their family unit.
The novel emphasizes themes of social justice, resilience, the strength of the human spirit, and the importance of collective action. Tom Joad, the central character, evolves from a self-focused ex-convict into someone committed to fighting for the rights of the oppressed, inspired by former preacher Jim Casy’s ideals.
Steinbeck uses the Joads' story to criticize capitalism, expose the plight of migrant workers, and advocate for empathy and solidarity. The novel ends on a symbolic and hopeful note of shared humanity and compassion
